Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• silicide, and a cross-sectional view of Ni silicide is given in Figure 4c based on reported works [44][48][56]. The elongation process of the symmetric NiSi2 clusters is mainly governed by the growth kinetics [44][57][58]. Conclusion In the present work, nanoflowers with a core particle and surrounding

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• density of the dark spots is estimated to be (2.0 ± 1.0) × 1012 cm−2 and the corresponding area fraction is approximately 3.2%. Analogous to the formation of 2D polymers on a surface or interface [6], the cross-linking could proceed either by step-growth or chain-growth kinetics. In the step-growth

• , consist of almost exclusively dimers and, to a much lesser extent, trimers. An area fraction of 30% results in areas with up to ten monomers. The comparison reveals inconsistencies between the STM data and the step-growth kinetics. Therefore, we look into the chain-growth scenario, in which a radical

• observed dark spots (in black) as a function of the molecular area (0.288 nm2) in the β-phase. Simulated size distributions of cross-linked molecules with an area fraction of 3% and 30%, respectively, based on step-growth kinetics. Structural evolution of TPT SAMs upon 50 eV electron exposure. (a) Low

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• nuclei of the final NPs [94][95]. Because silver clusters absorb light at different wavelengths than the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag NPs (which is used for monitoring of NP growth kinetics by UV–vis spectroscopy) one can spot the induction period on the sigmoidal kinetic curves. Noteworthy

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• mass ratio increases, the absorbance reaches an increasing plateau value. Moreover, increasing the annealing temperature increases the reduction kinetics. The plateau value is reached within shorter times. Besides playing a role in the growth kinetics of the nanoparticles by promoting the reduction of

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• water. The mechanism of this transformation between the CsPbBr3 PNCs and Cs4PbBr6 PNCs and their morphology change are studied, involving ions equilibrium, anisotropic growth kinetics, and CsBr-stripping process. Keywords: CsPbBr3 PNCs; Cs4PbBr6 PNCs; polar-solvent-free; reversible transformation

• between 0.5 and 1.5 mL, the morphology of PNCs gradually becomes irregular and some hexagonal shapes emerge (Figure 5c–e). As the amount of OAm increase to 3.0 mL, Cs4PbBr6 PNCs with homogeneous hexagonal shape can be achieved (Figure 5h). These results suggest that the growth kinetics of this process can

• images (Figure 4c–h) clearly confirm that the morphology of these PNCs can be tuned easily by changing the amount of OAm in the precursor solution, while keeping the amount of OA unchanged. We attribute this morphology change to the crystal anisotropy induced by the growth kinetics. The capping ligands

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• separated. Furthermore, it appears that grain size is relatively large on the front surface. These observations indicate a difference between the front and back side of the substrate regarding the growth kinetics. We attribute the observed distinction tentatively to the possible deviation of the effective

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• ; growth kinetics; nanocrystals; nucleation; twinning; zinc oxide; Introduction Metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures are quite interesting not only in terms of the basic growth mechanism involved in their fabrication, but also due to the large number of applications based on them in the field of

• pore pattern planned on the ITO substrate. Now, the growth of twinned NCs on ITO substrate can be understood in terms of nucleation and growth kinetics involved during the fabrication process. The electrodeposition technique employed in this work rules out the formation of twinned ZnO NCs by co-joining

• correlated to pore-size-dependent growth kinetics of ZnO crystals. In the case of the S600 sample that exhibits a vertical array of ZnO nanocrystals, the size of the pore was approximately equal to the width of ZnO NCs that are formed on bare ITO (sample SB). The growth conditions, still being same, allow

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• the particle shape became irregular. These phenomena can be explained by not only the solubility of TBOT and the surfactant, but also by the nucleation-growth kinetics of TBOT in different solvent conditions. It is well-known that acetonitrile is more hydrophobic than ethanol [14]. As the relative ACN

• their hydrolysates, adjusted growth kinetics of the TiO2 particles, and prevention of particle aggregation. Thus, as-synthesized TiO2 particles, which were synthesized in the EtOH/ACN mixed solvent, displayed uniform spherical morphology with isolated particles. Since the TiO2 particles prepared under

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• of the experiments (black arrow, Figure 7a and 7b). This is quite different from the situation in the absence of water, where no tubules were found so early (see Figure 1a). This indicates an increased growth kinetics in the presence of water. A plot of the average height of the tubular structures

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

• Alexey D. Bolshakov,
• Alexey M. Mozharov,
• Georgiy A. Sapunov,
• Igor V. Shtrom,
• Nickolay V. Sibirev,
• Vladimir V. Fedorov,
• Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
• Maria Tchernycheva,
• George E. Cirlin and
• Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

• , formation process and doping of GaN NWs on Si(111) substrates have been extensively studied during the last decade [24][25][26]. It has been experimentally demonstrated that Si and Mg doping (materials typically used to obtain n- and p-type conductivity) strongly affects the growth kinetics and thus the NW

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• dissociates under plasma and forms reactive radicals/ions. Transport mechanism of these plasma species and growth kinetics of carbon nanomaterials in PECVD has been extensively explained by Munoz and co-workers [26]. The density and energy of these plasma species depend on the plasma power, position of the

Nanotopographical control of surfaces using chemical vapor deposition processes

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1250–1256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.126

• applied in order to successfully predict the growth morphology of the polymer structures, taking into account the chain growth kinetics. The morphology can be further varied by manipulating the substrate rotation, resulting in more complex architectures, such as helices or chevron structures (Figure 5

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• template effect of nanocrystal catalyst and the optimization of growth kinetics. The authors of recent report [120] also succeeded in the CVD synthesis of near-zigzag SWCNTs with the dominant chirality of (15,2) using Fe catalyst. It should be noted that besides the CVD method the single chirality SWCNTs

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• SHS will not occur and the nanostructures remain relatively stable during reactive diffusion. In this section, the reactive diffusion behavior of Zn and N into the GNS Fe prepared by SMAT [61][62] will be reviewed from both kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. Promoted growth kinetics The growth

• isothermal annealing treatment. According to the relationship between the measured thickness (l) of compound layers, diffusion temperature (T) and duration (t), the growth kinetics was determined from where k is the growth constant derived from The pre-exponential factor k0 is a constant related to atomic

• growth kinetics has also been observed in the GNS Fe during gas nitriding at lower temperatures [62][63]. A continuous nitride surface layer (mostly ε-Fe2–3N and γ’-Fe4N) of ≈10 µm in thickness was formed on the GNS sample after nitriding at 300 °C for 9 h. In comparison, there was no such nitride layer

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• changes the shape of the nanostructures. In order to obtain nanoplates with controllable crystallographic facets, the growth kinetics should be carefully controlled by choosing an appropriate TMAH concentration in the growth solution. The concentration of added TMAH determines the morphology of the

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• rate was reduced to 6 cm3/min. The APCVD depends essentially on the hydrocarbon precursor [15]. To this end, a precursor that has similar chemical properties but different molecular mass is desirable for a deeper understanding of the graphene growth kinetics. One of such candidates is n-decane (C10H22

• ), a member of the homologous series of alkane hydrocarbons. n-Decane has a molecular mass approximately one order of magnitude greater than that of methane, which influences the growth kinetics of graphene. As a representative n-alkane, n-decane forms chains of radicals with a high reactive nature

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• epitaxial graphene layers. The growth of graphene on the carbon face of SiC and 6H polytype results in a barrier height that is higher than that on the Si face and 4H polytype. This can be explained by a difference in surface energy between different interfaces, which governs the growth kinetics and

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

• Milos Toth,
• Charlene Lobo,
• Vinzenz Friedli,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1518–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.157

• -wall deposition technique, whereby Tg is dominated by the temperature of the capillary used to deliver the precursor gas, and the substrate temperature T is used to control growth kinetics. The thermal desorption rates of physisorbed (kp) and chemisorbed species (kc) are given by: Activated

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• of otherwise non-stained samples. This template was therefore selected for a twelve day time course experiment to investigate the growth kinetics of its mineral shells, and if the thickness of the silica coating might be controlled via the TEOS incubation time. Total widths of randomly selected, low

The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• magnitude higher than the bulk diffusion coefficients, at this stage, the growth kinetics of voids was reported to be faster than in the early stage of the growth were the formation of voids is mainly governed by a bulk diffusion mechanism [23][61]. Asymmetrical conversion mechanism The stages of the

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• , assuming that these would form a homogeneous monolayer on the sensitive area of one sensor channel. The commercial SAM's used here were not specifically characterized with respect to the molecular ordering. It would have exceeded the scope of the present study to investigate the growth kinetics of

Controlling the optical and structural properties of ZnS–AgInS₂ nanocrystals by using a photo-induced process

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Fumihiro Morigaki and
• Tadashi Kawazoe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1767–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.187

• the control of its size to ensure that the quantized energy levels are resonant to facilitate an efficient optical near-field interaction. The solution process could be a promising process for this purpose because it can easily regulate the size and shape by controlling the growth kinetics [10]. It

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• results offer an explanation for the linear growth kinetics in this regime: If the front velocity is constant, the amount of the product phase should grow linearly with time and the activation energy obtained from this part should be close to the activation energy of GB/interface diffusion [24][26

Self-organization of mesoscopic silver wires by electrochemical deposition

• Sheng Zhong,
• Thomas Koch,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Harald Rösner,
• Eberhard Nold,
• Aaron Kobler,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Di Wang,
• Christian Kübel,
• Mu Wang,
• Horst Hahn and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1285–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.142

• of smooth silver wires with homogeneous diameter as that shown in Figure 2b,c. The point is that the side faces of the wires are rough on the atomic scale, and should possess linear growth kinetics. Thus, any small driving force should make the side faces to grow. If this would be the case, then we